Subject marker
From Jonathan Gardner's Korean Notebook
The subject marker makes its appearance in two styles.
Commonly, 이 is used after nouns ending in a consonant, while 가 is used after a noun ending in a vowel.
When referring humbly to someone above the speaker, 께서 is used. I've only really seen this used for kings and God, though, so you're better off memorizing "하나님께서" and "주께서" as complete phrases than as the construct that makes it up.
The subject marker usually comes at the very beginning of the sentence. See Sentence Patterns.